{"data_url":"http:\/\/c14.arch.ox.ac.uk\/intimate\/public.php?series=Eruptions","json_application":"INTCHRON.Project","project_series_list":[{"series":"Eruptions","project_series_type":"Eruptions","file_data":{"series":"Eruptions","project_series_type":"Eruptions","refs":["doi:10.1029\/96gl03099","doi:10.1029\/2005jd006079","doi:10.1177\/095968369500500201","doi:10.1179\/env.2000.5.1.21","doi:10.1002\/jqs.724","doi:10.1016\/0012-821x(95)00145-3","doi:10.1002\/jqs.910","doi:10.1016\/j.quascirev.2011.07.012","doi:10.1191\/09596830195681","doi:10.1016\/s0377-0273(97)00056-5","ref:andronico1995gsv","doi:10.1016\/1040-6182(95)00075-5","doi:10.1002\/jqs.1182","doi:10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.03.004","doi:10.1002\/jqs.1498","doi:10.3402\/polar.v21i2.6489","doi:10.1002\/jqs.908","doi:10.1016\/j.quaint.2011.05.014"],"data":{"volc_site":["Tindfjallaj\u00f6kull","Katla","Askja","Grimsvotn","Grimsvotn","Katla","Katla","Katla","Katla","Katla","Torfaj\u00f6kull","Torfaj\u00f6kull","Campania volcanic field","Etna","Somma-Vesuvius","Somma-Vesuvius","Cha\u00eene des Puys","Iceland volcanoes","Grimsvotn","Iceland volcanoes","Campania volcanic field","Snaefellsjokull","Veidivotn","Campania volcanic field","Campania volcanic field","Campania volcanic field","Campania volcanic field","Campania volcanic field","Katla","Katla","Veidivotn","Veidivotn","Iceland volcanoes","Katla","Veidivotn"],"eruption":["Thorsmork ignimbrite","Vedde Ash","NGRIP 1553.85m","Saksunarvatn","I-THOL-2 (Tv-1)","Eldgja tephra","SILK-YN","Suduroy tephra","NGRIP 1508.26m","NGRIP 1573.00m","Landnam (silicic)","An Druim","Agnano Monte Spina","FL Tephra (Etna)","AP3","Avellino","Puy de la Nug\u00e8re","FMAZ II (Fugloyarbanki)","FMAZ III","Borrobol","Fondi di Baia","Sn-1","NGRIP 1595.1m","Astroni 1","Paleoastroni 2","Paleoastroni 1","Monte Sant\u2019Angelo 5-ka","Sartania 1","NGRIP 1861.55m","NGRIP 1895.24m","Sandoy B","Sandoy A","L-274","Skopun tephra","Landnam (basaltic)"],"t":[-55349.5,-10170.5,-11579.5,-8346.5,-10649.5,934.5,310.5,-6119.5,-10249.5,-12019.5,871.5,-7609.5,-2603.5,-1409.5,-856.5,-1936.5,-11319.5,-24739.5,-36121.5,-12094.5,-7659.5,170.5,-12499.5,-2298.5,-2784,-2839,-2970.5,-7626.5,-25526.5,-27129.5,-9279.5,-9379.5,-8274.5,-7799.5,871.5],"t_sigma":[2,1,1,1,1,1,70,90,1,1,1,40,72,86,48,36,65,1,1,95,85,45,1,96,23,45,89,77,1,1,42,42,100,100,1],"t_source":["GICC05","GICC05","GICC05","GICC05","GICC05","GICC05","IntCal09","IntCal09","GICC05","GICC05","GICC05","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","GICC05","GICC05","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","GICC05","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","GICC05","GICC05","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","IntCal09","GICC05"],"ref":["ram1996vie","rasmussen2006gcg","rasmussen2006gcg","rasmussen2006gcg","rasmussen2006gcg","zielinski1995eei","dugmore2000tec","wastegard2002emh","rasmussen2006gcg","rasmussen2006gcg","gronvold1995lig","ranner2005ehc","smith2011tgc","sadori2001pre","rolandi1998ias","andronico1995gsv","juvigne1996cpt","davies2008ift","davies2010tve","matthews2011ecc","smith2011tgc","larsen2002cht","mortensen2005vlg","smith2011tgc","smith2011tgc","smith2011tgc","smith2011tgc","smith2011tgc","davies2010tve","davies2010tve","lind2011thc","lind2011thc","lind2011thc","lind2011thc","gronvold1995lig"]}}}],"bibliography":[{"ref":"andronico1995gsv","firstauthor":"Andronico","year":1995,"reftype":"article","author":"Andronico, Daniele and Calderoni, G and Cioni, R and Sbrana, A and Sulpizio, R and Santacroce, R","title":"Geological map of Somma-Vesuvius Volcano","journal":"Periodico di Mineralogia","volume":"64","number":"","pagefrom":77,"pageto":78,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"","doi":"","isbn":"","citation":"Andronico et al., 1995","reference":"Andronico, D., Calderoni, G., Cioni, R., Sbrana, A., Sulpizio, R. and Santacroce, R. (1995) Geological map of Somma-Vesuvius Volcano. Periodico di Mineralogia, 64, pp.77-78."},{"ref":"davies2008ift","firstauthor":"Davies","year":2008,"reftype":"article","author":"Davies, Siwan M and Wastegard, S and Rasmussen, T L and Svensson, A and Johnsen, Sigf\u00fas J and Steffensen, J P and Andersen, K K","title":"Identification of the Fugloyarbanki tephra in the NGRIP ice core: a key tie-point for marine and ice-core sequences during the last glacial period","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"23","number":"5","pagefrom":409,"pageto":414,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jqs.1182","doi":"10.1002\/jqs.1182","isbn":"1099-1417","citation":"Davies et al., 2008","reference":"Davies, S.M., Wastegard, S., Rasmussen, T.L., Svensson, A., Johnsen, S.J., Steffensen, J.P. and Andersen, K.K. (2008) Identification of the Fugloyarbanki tephra in the NGRIP ice core: a key tie-point for marine and ice-core sequences during the last glacial period. Journal of Quaternary Science, 23(5), pp.409-414. doi:10.1002\/jqs.1182"},{"ref":"davies2010tve","firstauthor":"Davies","year":2010,"reftype":"article","author":"Davies, S M and Wastegard, S and Abbott, P M and Barbante, C and Bigler, M and Johnsen, S J and Rasmussen, T L and Steffensen, J P and Svensson, A","title":"Tracing volcanic events in the NGRIP ice-core and synchronising North Atlantic marine records during the last glacial period","journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"294","number":"1-2","pagefrom":69,"pageto":79,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.03.004","doi":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.03.004","isbn":"","citation":"Davies et al., 2010","reference":"Davies, S.M., Wastegard, S., Abbott, P.M., Barbante, C., Bigler, M., Johnsen, S.J., Rasmussen, T.L., Steffensen, J.P. and Svensson, A. (2010) Tracing volcanic events in the NGRIP ice-core and synchronising North Atlantic marine records during the last glacial period. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 294(1-2), pp.69-79. doi:10.1016\/j.epsl.2010.03.004"},{"ref":"dugmore2000tec","firstauthor":"Dugmore","year":2000,"reftype":"article","author":"Dugmore, A J and Newton, A J and Larsen, G and Cook, G T","title":"Tephrochronology, environmental change and the Norse settlement of Iceland","journal":"Environmental Archaeology","volume":"5","number":"1","pagefrom":21,"pageto":34,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1179\/env.2000.5.1.21","doi":"10.1179\/env.2000.5.1.21","isbn":"","citation":"Dugmore et al., 2000","reference":"Dugmore, A.J., Newton, A.J., Larsen, G. and Cook, G.T. (2000) Tephrochronology, environmental change and the Norse settlement of Iceland. Environmental Archaeology, 5(1), pp.21-34. doi:10.1179\/env.2000.5.1.21"},{"ref":"gronvold1995lig","firstauthor":"Gr\\\"onvold","year":1995,"reftype":"article","author":"Gr\\\"onvold, Karl and \\'Oskarsson, N\\'iels and Johnsen, Sigf\u00fas J and Clausen, Henrik B and Hammer, Claus U and Bond, Gerard and Bard, Edouard","title":"Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments","journal":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"135","number":"1-4","pagefrom":149,"pageto":155,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/0012-821x(95)00145-3","doi":"10.1016\/0012-821x(95)00145-3","isbn":"0012-821X","citation":"Gr\u00f6nvold et al., 1995","reference":"Gr\u00f6nvold, K., \u00d3skarsson, N., Johnsen, S.J., Clausen, H.B., Hammer, C.U., Bond, G. and Bard, E. (1995) Ash layers from Iceland in the Greenland GRIP ice core correlated with oceanic and land sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 135(1-4), pp.149-155. doi:10.1016\/0012-821x(95)00145-3"},{"ref":"juvigne1996cpt","firstauthor":"Juvign\\'e","year":1996,"reftype":"article","author":"Juvign\\'e, Etienne H and Bastin, B and Delibrias, G and Evin, J and Gewelt, M and Gilot, E and Streel, M","title":"A comprehensive pollen- and tephra-based chronostratigraphic model for the Late Glacial and Holocene period in the French Massif Central","journal":"Quaternary International","volume":"34-36","number":"","pagefrom":113,"pageto":120,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/1040-6182(95)00075-5","doi":"10.1016\/1040-6182(95)00075-5","isbn":"","citation":"Juvign\u00e9 et al., 1996","reference":"Juvign\u00e9, E.H., Bastin, B., Delibrias, G., Evin, J., Gewelt, M., Gilot, E. and Streel, M. (1996) A comprehensive pollen- and tephra-based chronostratigraphic model for the Late Glacial and Holocene period in the French Massif Central. Quaternary International, 34-36, pp.113-120. doi:10.1016\/1040-6182(95)00075-5"},{"ref":"larsen2002cht","firstauthor":"Larsen","year":2002,"reftype":"article","author":"Larsen, Gudr\u00fan and Eir\\'iksson, J\\'on and Knudsen, Karen Luise and Heinemeier, Jan","title":"Correlation of late Holocene terrestrial and marine tephra markers, north Iceland: implications for reservoir age changes","journal":"Polar Research","volume":"21","number":"2","pagefrom":283,"pageto":290,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3402\/polar.v21i2.6489","doi":"10.3402\/polar.v21i2.6489","isbn":"","citation":"Larsen et al., 2002","reference":"Larsen, G., Eir\u00edksson, J., Knudsen, K.L. and Heinemeier, J. (2002) Correlation of late Holocene terrestrial and marine tephra markers, north Iceland: implications for reservoir age changes. Polar Research, 21(2), pp.283-290. doi:10.3402\/polar.v21i2.6489"},{"ref":"lind2011thc","firstauthor":"Lind","year":2011,"reftype":"article","author":"Lind, E M and Wastegard, Stefan","title":"Tephra horizons contemporary with short early Holocene climate fluctuations: New results from the Faroe Islands","journal":"Quaternary International","volume":"246","number":"1-2","pagefrom":157,"pageto":167,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quaint.2011.05.014","doi":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2011.05.014","isbn":"","citation":"Lind and Wastegard, 2011","reference":"Lind, E.M. and Wastegard, S. (2011) Tephra horizons contemporary with short early Holocene climate fluctuations: New results from the Faroe Islands. Quaternary International, 246(1-2), pp.157-167. doi:10.1016\/j.quaint.2011.05.014"},{"ref":"matthews2011ecc","firstauthor":"Matthews","year":2011,"reftype":"article","author":"Matthews, I P and Birks, Hilary H and Bourne, A J and Brooks, S J and Lowe, J J and MacLeod, A and Pyne-O'Donnell, S D F","title":"New age estimates and climatostratigraphic correlations for the Borrobol and Penifiler Tephras: evidence from Abernethy Forest, Scotland","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"26","number":"3","pagefrom":247,"pageto":252,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jqs.1498","doi":"10.1002\/jqs.1498","isbn":"","citation":"Matthews et al., 2011","reference":"Matthews, I.P., Birks, H.H., Bourne, A.J., Brooks, S.J., Lowe, J.J., MacLeod, A. and Pyne-O'Donnell, S.D.F. (2011) New age estimates and climatostratigraphic correlations for the Borrobol and Penifiler Tephras: evidence from Abernethy Forest, Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 26(3), pp.247-252. doi:10.1002\/jqs.1498"},{"ref":"mortensen2005vlg","firstauthor":"Mortensen","year":2005,"reftype":"article","author":"Mortensen, Anette K and Bigler, Matthias and Gr\\\"onvold, Karl and Steffensen, J\u00f8rgen P and Johnsen, Sigf\u00fas J","title":"Volcanic ash layers from the Last Glacial Termination in the NGRIP ice core","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"20","number":"3","pagefrom":209,"pageto":219,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jqs.908","doi":"10.1002\/jqs.908","isbn":"1099-1417","citation":"Mortensen et al., 2005","reference":"Mortensen, A.K., Bigler, M., Gr\u00f6nvold, K., Steffensen, J.P. and Johnsen, S.J. (2005) Volcanic ash layers from the Last Glacial Termination in the NGRIP ice core. Journal of Quaternary Science, 20(3), pp.209-219. doi:10.1002\/jqs.908"},{"ref":"ram1996vie","firstauthor":"Ram","year":1996,"reftype":"article","author":"Ram, M and Donarummo, J and Sheridan, M","title":"Volcanic ash from Icelandic c.57,300 yr BP eruption found in GISP2 (Greenland) ice core","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"23","number":"22","pagefrom":3167,"pageto":3169,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/96gl03099","doi":"10.1029\/96gl03099","isbn":"","citation":"Ram et al., 1996","reference":"Ram, M., Donarummo, J. and Sheridan, M. (1996) Volcanic ash from Icelandic c.57,300 yr BP eruption found in GISP2 (Greenland) ice core. Geophysical Research Letters, 23(22), pp.3167-3169. doi:10.1029\/96gl03099"},{"ref":"ranner2005ehc","firstauthor":"Ranner","year":2005,"reftype":"article","author":"Ranner, Patricia H and Allen, Judy R M and Huntley, Brian","title":"A new early Holocene cryptotephra from northwest Scotland","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"20","number":"3","pagefrom":201,"pageto":208,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jqs.910","doi":"10.1002\/jqs.910","isbn":"1099-1417","citation":"Ranner et al., 2005","reference":"Ranner, P.H., Allen, J.R.M. and Huntley, B. (2005) A new early Holocene cryptotephra from northwest Scotland. Journal of Quaternary Science, 20(3), pp.201-208. doi:10.1002\/jqs.910"},{"ref":"rasmussen2006gcg","firstauthor":"Rasmussen","year":2006,"reftype":"article","author":"Rasmussen, S O and Andersen, K K and Svensson, A M and Steffensen, J P and Vinther, B M and Clausen, H B and Siggaard-Andersen, M -L and Johnsen, Sigf\\'us J and Larsen, L B and Dahl-Jensen, D and Bigler, M and R\\\"othlisberger, R and Fischer, H and Goto-Azuma, K and Hansson, M E and Ruth, U","title":"A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination","journal":"Journal of Geophysical Research","volume":"111","number":"D6","pagefrom":0,"pageto":0,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1029\/2005JD006079","doi":"10.1029\/2005jd006079","isbn":"","citation":"Rasmussen et al., 2006","reference":"Rasmussen, S.O., Andersen, K.K., Svensson, A.M., Steffensen, J.P., Vinther, B.M., Clausen, H.B., Siggaard-Andersen, M.-., Johnsen, S.J., Larsen, L.B., Dahl-Jensen, D., Bigler, M., R\u00f6thlisberger, R., Fischer, H., Goto-Azuma, K., Hansson, M.E. and Ruth, U. (2006) A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination. Journal of Geophysical Research, 111(D6). doi:10.1029\/2005jd006079"},{"ref":"rolandi1998ias","firstauthor":"Rolandi","year":1998,"reftype":"article","author":"Rolandi, G and Petrosino, P and Geehin, Mc J","title":"The interplinian activity at Somma\u2013Vesuvius in the last 3500 years","journal":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","volume":"82","number":"1-4","pagefrom":19,"pageto":52,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/s0377-0273(97)00056-5","doi":"10.1016\/s0377-0273(97)00056-5","isbn":"0377-0273","citation":"Rolandi et al., 1998","reference":"Rolandi, G., Petrosino, P. and Geehin, M.J. (1998) The interplinian activity at Somma\u2013Vesuvius in the last 3500 years. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 82(1-4), pp.19-52. doi:10.1016\/s0377-0273(97)00056-5"},{"ref":"sadori2001pre","firstauthor":"Sadori","year":2001,"reftype":"article","author":"Sadori, L and Narcisi, B","title":"The Postglacial record of environmental history from Lago di Pergusa, Sicily","journal":"Holocene","volume":"11","number":"6","pagefrom":655,"pageto":670,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1191\/09596830195681","doi":"10.1191\/09596830195681","isbn":"","citation":"Sadori and Narcisi, 2001","reference":"Sadori, L. and Narcisi, B. (2001) The Postglacial record of environmental history from Lago di Pergusa, Sicily. Holocene, 11(6), pp.655-670. doi:10.1191\/09596830195681"},{"ref":"smith2011tgc","firstauthor":"Smith","year":2011,"reftype":"article","author":"Smith, V C and Isaia, Roberto and Pearce, N J G","title":"Tephrostratigraphy and glass compositions of post-15 kyr Campi Flegrei eruptions: implications for eruption history and chronostratigraphic markers","journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"30","number":"25-26","pagefrom":3638,"pageto":3660,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1016\/j.quascirev.2011.07.012","doi":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2011.07.012","isbn":"","citation":"Smith et al., 2011","reference":"Smith, V.C., Isaia, R. and Pearce, N.J.G. (2011) Tephrostratigraphy and glass compositions of post-15 kyr Campi Flegrei eruptions: implications for eruption history and chronostratigraphic markers. Quaternary Science Reviews, 30(25-26), pp.3638-3660. doi:10.1016\/j.quascirev.2011.07.012"},{"ref":"wastegard2002emh","firstauthor":"Wastegard","year":2002,"reftype":"article","author":"Wastegard and Stefan","title":"Early to middle Holocene silicic tephra horizons from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland: new results from the Faroe Islands","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","volume":"17","number":"8","pagefrom":723,"pageto":730,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/jqs.724","doi":"10.1002\/jqs.724","isbn":"1099-1417","citation":"Wastegard and Stefan, 2002","reference":"Wastegard and Stefan (2002) Early to middle Holocene silicic tephra horizons from the Katla volcanic system, Iceland: new results from the Faroe Islands. Journal of Quaternary Science, 17(8), pp.723-730. doi:10.1002\/jqs.724"},{"ref":"zielinski1995eei","firstauthor":"Zielinski","year":1995,"reftype":"article","author":"Zielinski, Gregory A and Germani, Mark S and Larsen, Gudrun and Baillie, Michael G L and Whitlow, Sallie and Twickler, Mark S and Taylor, Kendrick","title":"Evidence of the Eldgja (Iceland) eruption in the GISP2 Greenland ice core: relationship to eruption processes and climatic conditions in the tenth century","journal":"The Holocene","volume":"5","number":"2","pagefrom":129,"pageto":140,"series":"","publisher":"","address":"","booktitle":"","chapter":null,"edition":null,"organization":"","school":"","institution":"","url":"http:\/\/hol.sagepub.com\/cgi\/content\/abstract\/5\/2\/129","doi":"10.1177\/095968369500500201","isbn":"","citation":"Zielinski et al., 1995","reference":"Zielinski, G.A., Germani, M.S., Larsen, G., Baillie, M.G.L., Whitlow, S., Twickler, M.S. and Taylor, K. (1995) Evidence of the Eldgja (Iceland) eruption in the GISP2 Greenland ice core: relationship to eruption processes and climatic conditions in the tenth century. The Holocene, 5(2), pp.129-140. doi:10.1177\/095968369500500201"}],"schema":"https:\/\/intchron.org\/schema","compilation":{"by":"INTIMATE Database","url":"https:\/\/c14.arch.ox.ac.uk\/intimate","updated":"2020-09-18T10:03:38+00:00","retrieved":"2020-10-21T13:45:14+00:00"}}